A linkage map of an F2 hybrid population of Antirrhinum majus and A. molle.

To increase the utility of Antirrhinum for genetic and evolutionary studies, we constructed a molecular linkage map for an interspecific hybrid A. majus x A. molle. An F(2) population (n = 92) was genotyped at a minimum of 243 individual loci. Although distorted transmission ratios were observed at marker loci throughout the genome, a mapping strategy based on a fixed framework of codominant markers allowed the loci to be placed into eight robust linkage groups consistent with the haploid chromosome number of Antirrhinum. The mapped loci included 164 protein-coding genes and a similar number of unknown sequences mapped as AFLP, RFLP, ISTR, and ISSR markers. Inclusion of sequences from mutant loci allowed provisional alignment of classical and molecular linkage groups. The total map length was 613 cM with an average interval of 2.5 cM, but most of the loci were aggregated into clusters reducing the effective distance between markers. Potential causes of transmission ratio distortion and its effects on map construction were investigated. This first molecular linkage map for Antirrhinum should facilitate further mapping of mutations, major QTL, and other coding sequences in this model genus.